IntervaOpen the desk

International Monetary Fund · Public Sector

General government net lending/borrowing (IMF)

Net lending (+)/ borrowing (–) is calculated as revenue minus total expenditure. This is a core GFS balance that measures the extent to which general government is either putting financial resources at the disposal of other sectors in the economy and nonresidents (net lending), or utilizing the financial resources generated by other sectors and nonresidents (net borrowing). This balance may be viewed as an indicator of the financial impact of general government activity on the rest of the economy and nonresidents (GFSM 2001, paragraph 4.17). Note: Net lending (+)/borrowing (–) is also equal to net acquisition of financial assets minus net incurrence of liabilities.

Coverage
195 of 238 countries
Latest data
2026
Series
195
Unit
percent
Licence
IMF Terms and Conditions
Retrieved
2026-11-05
Indicator
imf-general-government-net-lending-borrowing
Interva ID
imf-general-government-net-lending-borrowing

Recency

current

data to 2026; catalog to 2025

Provenance

1 step

as the publisher declares it

Versions

2

catalog snapshots

Citation

BibTeX + CSL

versioned permalink

Quality profile

This profile describes what Interva can measure in the data. It does not claim the dataset is accurate, complete, or suitable for a particular use.

Recency

100%

Latest observation is 2026; the catalog broadly reports to 2025, so this data is 0 year(s) behind (current).

Method: Compares the dataset's latest non-projected period with the year most datasets in the catalog end in. Up to 2 years behind is current — annual data is routinely published a year or two late — and more than 5 is stale. Measured from the data, not from when Interva last crawled it.

Temporal completeness

100%

0 of 195 series skip at least one year inside their own span; the median series reports 100% of its years.

Method: Per series, years present divided by years from its first to its last observation; the median across series is reported. Annual periods are assumed, which holds for every series in the catalog today.

Geographic coverage

Measured

Covers 195 of the 238 countries in the catalog.

Method: Counts distinct geographies with at least one observation. Not scored: a regional dataset covering its region completely is not deficient for omitting the rest of the world.

History depth

Measured

The median series has 35 observations; the earliest begins in 1980.

Method: Counts non-projected observations per series. Not scored: a long history is useful for trend work and irrelevant for a cross-section.

Revisions

Measured

1494 observation(s) restated by the publisher across 1 vintage(s) Interva has recorded.

Method: Counts values the publisher changed between Interva's publishes. Not scored: revising estimates is ordinary and often a sign of care, and the count is here so a reader citing a figure knows whether it moves.

Schema conformity

Not assessed

No declared schema or validation rules are attached to this dataset yet.

Validity

Not assessed

No field-level validation rules are attached to this dataset yet.

Consistency

Not assessed

Cross-series consistency rules are not defined yet. The obvious first one — whether two publishers measuring one concept agree within a stated tolerance — is a candidate.

2 scored from the data, 3 described without a score, 3 not assessed. Pipeline integrity: all 5 checks pass. Assessed 2026-11-07.

By country

General government net lending/borrowing (IMF) for each of the 195 countries it covers, with the full history.

Latest observations

CountryPeriodValueUnit
Albania2031-2.30percent
Algeria2031-8.80percent
Andorra20311.90percent
Angola2031-4.80percent
Antigua and Barbuda2031-1percent
Argentina20311percent
Armenia2031-1.80percent
Aruba20311.10percent
Australia2031-2.40percent
Austria2031-3.50percent

Provenance

Who produced these figures, as International Monetary Fund declares it — not inferred, and each line says which published field it was read from.

  1. Produced by

    International Monetary Fund

    WEO — World Economic Outlook (October 2026)

    declared by imf in dataset/source

Versions

A vintage is a dated publish of the catalog. The current entry is a catalog snapshot; checksums are not recorded yet and are shown as such.

  • CurrentCurrent catalog snapshotchecksum not recorded
  • 2026-11-051494 observation(s) restatedchecksum not recorded

Related datasets

Central Government Debt (IMF)

International Monetary Fund · 172 series · same topic · same publisher

DEBT (IMF)

International Monetary Fund · 188 series · same topic · same publisher

Debt Securities Assets (IMF)

International Monetary Fund · 162 series · same topic · same publisher

Debt Forgiveness (IMF)

International Monetary Fund · 167 series · same topic · same publisher

Debt Securities Liabilities (IMF)

International Monetary Fund · 162 series · same topic · same publisher

Fiscal Council Indicator (IMF)

International Monetary Fund · 52 series · same topic · same publisher

Cyclically adjusted primary balance (IMF)

International Monetary Fund · 81 series · same topic · same publisher

Revenue (IMF)

International Monetary Fund · 196 series · same topic · same publisher

Citation

Version: catalog snapshot 2026-11-05. The record labels this as a catalog snapshot because immutable dataset releases are not stored yet.

International Monetary Fund (2026). General government net lending/borrowing (IMF). Interva. https://interva.co/dataset/imf-general-government-net-lending-borrowing (accessed 2026-11-07). catalog snapshot 2026-11-05.

BibTeX
@misc{interva-imf-general-government-net-lending-borrowing,
  title        = {General government net lending/borrowing (IMF)},
  author       = {International Monetary Fund},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://interva.co/dataset/imf-general-government-net-lending-borrowing}},
  note         = {Interva dataset imf-general-government-net-lending-borrowing; catalog snapshot 2026-11-05},
  urldate      = {2026-11-07}
}

DOI: not assigned (not assigned). The permalink is versioned by catalog snapshot; a stable dataset DOI is a later step.

API access

Every fact on this page is available from the API.

curl https://interva-api.nq5kq4f69b5zj.eu-west-3.cs.amazonlightsail.com/datasets/imf-general-government-net-lending-borrowing
curl -o imf-general-government-net-lending-borrowing.csv https://interva-api.nq5kq4f69b5zj.eu-west-3.cs.amazonlightsail.com/datasets/imf-general-government-net-lending-borrowing/download
curl "https://interva-api.nq5kq4f69b5zj.eu-west-3.cs.amazonlightsail.com/datasets/imf-general-government-net-lending-borrowing/citation?accessed=YYYY-MM-DD"
curl https://interva-api.nq5kq4f69b5zj.eu-west-3.cs.amazonlightsail.com/datasets/imf-general-government-net-lending-borrowing/quality

Full schema: https://interva-api.nq5kq4f69b5zj.eu-west-3.cs.amazonlightsail.com/docs

Open in the terminal to chart this series, compare it against other publishers, or export it with its provenance.

General government net lending/borrowing (IMF) · International Monetary Fund · Interva