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World Health Organization · Health

Births by caesarean section

Births by caesarean section (%). WHO Global Health Observatory indicator WHS4_115.

Coverage
171 of 251 countries
Latest data
2017
Series
171
Unit
percent
Licence
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
Retrieved
2026-11-07
Indicator
who-whs4-115
Interva ID
who-whs4-115

Recency

stale

data to 2017; catalog to 2025

Provenance

1 step

as the publisher declares it

Versions

1

catalog snapshots

Citation

BibTeX + CSL

versioned permalink

Quality profile

This profile describes what Interva can measure in the data. It does not claim the dataset is accurate, complete, or suitable for a particular use.

Recency

0%

Latest observation is 2017; the catalog broadly reports to 2025, so this data is 8 year(s) behind (stale).

Method: Compares the dataset's latest non-projected period with the year most datasets in the catalog end in. Up to 2 years behind is current — annual data is routinely published a year or two late — and more than 5 is stale. Measured from the data, not from when Interva last crawled it.

Temporal completeness

100%

0 of 171 series skip at least one year inside their own span; the median series reports 100% of its years.

Method: Per series, years present divided by years from its first to its last observation; the median across series is reported. Annual periods are assumed, which holds for every series in the catalog today.

Geographic coverage

Measured

Covers 171 of the 251 countries in the catalog.

Method: Counts distinct geographies with at least one observation. Not scored: a regional dataset covering its region completely is not deficient for omitting the rest of the world.

History depth

Measured

The median series has 1 observations; the earliest begins in 2006.

Method: Counts non-projected observations per series. Not scored: a long history is useful for trend work and irrelevant for a cross-section.

Revisions

Measured

No observation has been restated in any vintage Interva has recorded.

Method: Counts values the publisher changed between Interva's publishes. Not scored: revising estimates is ordinary and often a sign of care, and the count is here so a reader citing a figure knows whether it moves.

Schema conformity

Not assessed

No declared schema or validation rules are attached to this dataset yet.

Validity

Not assessed

No field-level validation rules are attached to this dataset yet.

Consistency

Not assessed

Cross-series consistency rules are not defined yet. The obvious first one — whether two publishers measuring one concept agree within a stated tolerance — is a candidate.

2 scored from the data, 3 described without a score, 3 not assessed. Pipeline integrity: all 5 checks pass. Assessed 2026-11-08.

By country

Births by caesarean section for each of the 171 countries it covers, with the full history.

Latest observations

CountryPeriodValueUnit
Nigeria20172.80percent
Angola20163.70percent
Armenia201618percent
Austria201629.50percent
Bangladesh201630.70percent
Belize201634.20percent
Bolivia, Plurinational State of201633.40percent
Colombia201645.80percent
Croatia201623percent
Côte d'Ivoire20163.30percent

Provenance

Who produced these figures, as World Health Organization declares it — not inferred, and each line says which published field it was read from.

  1. Produced by

    World Health Organization

    Global Health Observatory — WHS4_115

    declared by who in IndicatorCode

Versions

A vintage is a dated publish of the catalog. The current entry is a catalog snapshot; checksums are not recorded yet and are shown as such.

  • CurrentCurrent catalog snapshotchecksum not recorded

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Citation

Version: catalog snapshot 2026-11-07. The record labels this as a catalog snapshot because immutable dataset releases are not stored yet.

World Health Organization (2026). Births by caesarean section. Interva. https://interva.co/dataset/who-whs4-115 (accessed 2026-11-08). catalog snapshot 2026-11-07.

BibTeX
@misc{interva-who-whs4-115,
  title        = {Births by caesarean section},
  author       = {World Health Organization},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://interva.co/dataset/who-whs4-115}},
  note         = {Interva dataset who-whs4-115; catalog snapshot 2026-11-07},
  urldate      = {2026-11-08}
}

DOI: not assigned (not assigned). The permalink is versioned by catalog snapshot; a stable dataset DOI is a later step.

API access

Every fact on this page is available from the API.

curl https://interva-api.nq5kq4f69b5zj.eu-west-3.cs.amazonlightsail.com/datasets/who-whs4-115
curl -o who-whs4-115.csv https://interva-api.nq5kq4f69b5zj.eu-west-3.cs.amazonlightsail.com/datasets/who-whs4-115/download
curl "https://interva-api.nq5kq4f69b5zj.eu-west-3.cs.amazonlightsail.com/datasets/who-whs4-115/citation?accessed=YYYY-MM-DD"
curl https://interva-api.nq5kq4f69b5zj.eu-west-3.cs.amazonlightsail.com/datasets/who-whs4-115/quality

Full schema: https://interva-api.nq5kq4f69b5zj.eu-west-3.cs.amazonlightsail.com/docs

Open in the terminal to chart this series, compare it against other publishers, or export it with its provenance.