World Bank · Education
Expenditure on school books and teaching material as % of total expenditure in primary public institutions
Expenditure on school books and teaching material expressed as a percentage of direct expenditure in public educational institutions (instructional and non-instructional) of the specified level of education. Financial aid to students and other transfers are excluded from direct expenditure. Divide expenditure on school books and teaching material in public institutions of a given level of education (ex. primary, secondary, or all levels combined) by total expenditure (current and capital) in public institutions of the same level of education, and multiply by 100. Limitations: Although countries responding to the UIS questionnaire on educational expenditure are required to follow common definitions, in some cases government budget classifications may differ. It is also often difficult to identify expenditure on school books and teaching material, as not all accounting systems include such a classification. In some poorer countries, foreign donors and/or households may fund a large portion of expenditure on school books and teaching material, and where country respondents only have data on government expenditure, the amounts may be underestimated or missing entirely. For more information, consult the UNESCO Institute of Statistics website: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/
- Coverage
- 93 of 238 countries
- Latest data
- 2019
- Series
- 93
- Unit
- percent
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0
- Retrieved
- 2026-11-07
- Indicator
- expenditure-on-school-books-and-teaching-material-as
- Interva ID
- worldbank-expenditure-on-school-books-and-teaching-material-as
Recency
stale
data to 2019; catalog to 2025
Provenance
2 steps
as the publisher declares it
Versions
1
catalog snapshots
Citation
BibTeX + CSL
versioned permalink
Quality profile
This profile describes what Interva can measure in the data. It does not claim the dataset is accurate, complete, or suitable for a particular use.
Recency
0%Latest observation is 2019; the catalog broadly reports to 2025, so this data is 6 year(s) behind (stale).
Method: Compares the dataset's latest non-projected period with the year most datasets in the catalog end in. Up to 2 years behind is current — annual data is routinely published a year or two late — and more than 5 is stale. Measured from the data, not from when Interva last crawled it.
Temporal completeness
100%39 of 93 series skip at least one year inside their own span; the median series reports 100% of its years.
Method: Per series, years present divided by years from its first to its last observation; the median across series is reported. Annual periods are assumed, which holds for every series in the catalog today.
Geographic coverage
MeasuredCovers 93 of the 238 countries in the catalog.
Method: Counts distinct geographies with at least one observation. Not scored: a regional dataset covering its region completely is not deficient for omitting the rest of the world.
History depth
MeasuredThe median series has 3 observations; the earliest begins in 1998.
Method: Counts non-projected observations per series. Not scored: a long history is useful for trend work and irrelevant for a cross-section.
Revisions
MeasuredNo observation has been restated in any vintage Interva has recorded.
Method: Counts values the publisher changed between Interva's publishes. Not scored: revising estimates is ordinary and often a sign of care, and the count is here so a reader citing a figure knows whether it moves.
Schema conformity
Not assessedNo declared schema or validation rules are attached to this dataset yet.
Validity
Not assessedNo field-level validation rules are attached to this dataset yet.
Consistency
Not assessedCross-series consistency rules are not defined yet. The obvious first one — whether two publishers measuring one concept agree within a stated tolerance — is a candidate.
2 scored from the data, 3 described without a score, 3 not assessed. Pipeline integrity: all 5 checks pass. Assessed 2026-11-07.
By country
Expenditure on school books and teaching material as % of total expenditure in primary public institutions for each of the 93 countries it covers, with the full history.
- Afghanistan 2010–2016
- Andorra 2006–2019
- Antigua and Barbuda 2002–2002
- Argentina 2015–2017
- Armenia 2016–2016
- Aruba 2015–2016
- Barbados 1999–2007
- Belize 2000–2001
- Benin 1998–2015
- Burkina Faso 2007–2016
- Burundi 2009–2011
- Cabo Verde 2004–2016
- Cambodia 2009–2012
- Cameroon 2008–2011
- Central African Republic 2010–2010
- Colombia 2005–2018
- Comoros 1998–1998
- Congo 2010–2010
- Costa Rica 2018–2019
- Côte d'Ivoire 2006–2018
- Cuba 2001–2010
- Curaçao 2013–2013
- Djibouti 2014–2016
- Dominica 2015–2015
- Dominican Republic 2001–2019
- Ecuador 2009–2018
- Eritrea 2005–2005
- Eswatini 2014–2014
- Ethiopia 2009–2015
- Gambia 2008–2008
- Ghana 2004–2010
- Gibraltar 2016–2017
- Guatemala 2001–2019
- Guinea 2008–2019
- Guinea-Bissau 2010–2012
- Guyana 2007–2009
- Honduras 2010–2010
- Iran, Islamic Republic of 2014–2018
- Jamaica 2014–2019
- Jordan 2016–2019
- Kazakhstan 2016–2018
- Kenya 2011–2015
- Kuwait 2002–2014
- Lao People's Democratic Republic 2009–2014
- Lebanon 2013–2013
- Lesotho 1999–2018
- Madagascar 2008–2008
- Malawi 2010–2016
- Malaysia 2012–2019
- Maldives 2010–2013
- Mali 2008–2017
- Marshall Islands 2002–2019
- Mauritius 2010–2010
- Moldova, Republic of 2008–2018
- Mongolia 1998–2017
- Morocco 2009–2009
- Mozambique 2004–2012
- Myanmar 2011–2019
- Namibia 2010–2017
- Nepal 2010–2015
- Nicaragua 2004–2006
- Niger 2009–2017
- Oman 2011–2018
- Panama 2005–2005
- Paraguay 2012–2016
- Peru 2013–2019
- Puerto Rico 2013–2014
- Rwanda 2007–2018
- Saint Kitts and Nevis 1998–2015
- Saint Lucia 2004–2016
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2000–2018
- San Marino 2017–2018
- Senegal 2009–2018
- Seychelles 2002–2011
- Sierra Leone 2016–2019
- South Africa 2001–2019
- South Sudan 2013–2013
- Sri Lanka 2014–2018
- Syrian Arab Republic 2000–2015
- Thailand 2014–2014
- Timor-Leste 2007–2014
- Togo 1998–2016
- Turks and Caicos Islands 1999–2018
- Tuvalu 2017–2017
- Uganda 2009–2014
- United Arab Emirates 2006–2013
- Uruguay 2015–2015
- Vanuatu 1998–2000
- Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 2009–2017
- Virgin Islands, British 2007–2010
- Yemen 2013–2013
- Zambia 2004–2017
- Zimbabwe 2012–2014
Latest observations
| Country | Period | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Andorra | 2019 | 0.15 | percent |
| Costa Rica | 2019 | 0.01 | percent |
| Dominican Republic | 2019 | 0.15 | percent |
| Guatemala | 2019 | 0.34 | percent |
| Guinea | 2019 | 2.27 | percent |
| Jamaica | 2019 | 1.89 | percent |
| Jordan | 2019 | 1.10 | percent |
| Malaysia | 2019 | 1.52 | percent |
| Marshall Islands | 2019 | 8.70 | percent |
| Myanmar | 2019 | 6.46 | percent |
Provenance
Who produced these figures, as World Bank declares it — not inferred, and each line says which published field it was read from.
Produced by
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
declared by worldbank in sourceOrganization
Read from
World Bank
Education Statistics
declared by worldbank in source
Versions
A vintage is a dated publish of the catalog. The current entry is a catalog snapshot; checksums are not recorded yet and are shown as such.
- CurrentCurrent catalog snapshotchecksum not recorded
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Citation
Version: catalog snapshot 2026-11-07. The record labels this as a catalog snapshot because immutable dataset releases are not stored yet.
World Bank (2026). Expenditure on school books and teaching material as % of total expenditure in primary public institutions. Interva. https://interva.co/dataset/worldbank-expenditure-on-school-books-and-teaching-material-as (accessed 2026-11-07). catalog snapshot 2026-11-07.
@misc{interva-worldbank-expenditure-on-school-books-and-teaching-material-as,
title = {Expenditure on school books and teaching material as \% of total expenditure in primary public institutions},
author = {World Bank},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://interva.co/dataset/worldbank-expenditure-on-school-books-and-teaching-material-as}},
note = {Interva dataset worldbank-expenditure-on-school-books-and-teaching-material-as; catalog snapshot 2026-11-07},
urldate = {2026-11-07}
}DOI: not assigned (not assigned). The permalink is versioned by catalog snapshot; a stable dataset DOI is a later step.
API access
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