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World Bank · Science

Pakistan: Research and development expenditure

0.16percent · 2023+1.1% since 2002

Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Annual figures for Pakistan from 1997 to 2023.

19972023

Every year

YearValue (percent)Note
20230.164
20210.164
20190.175
20170.212
20150.222
20130.262
20110.305
20090.402
20070.523
20050.329
20020.162
20010.124
20000.095
19990.116
19980.109
19970.156

Source

Published by World Bank, produced by UNESCO. Licence: CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 2026-11-07.

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Cite or download

World Bank (2026). Research and development expenditure. Interva. https://interva.co/dataset/worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure (accessed 2026-11-07). catalog snapshot 2026-11-07.

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Pakistan: Research and development expenditure (1997–2023) · Interva