World Bank · Science
Turkmenistan: Research and development expenditure
0.09percent · 2023
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Annual figures for Turkmenistan from 2015 to 2023.
Every year
| Year | Value (percent) | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 0.09 | |
| 2022 | 0.14 | |
| 2021 | 0.1 | |
| 2020 | 0.13 | |
| 2019 | 0.11 | |
| 2018 | 0.08 | |
| 2017 | 0.09 | |
| 2016 | 0.16 | |
| 2015 | 0.11 |
Source
Published by World Bank, produced by UNESCO. Licence: CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 2026-11-07.
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World Bank (2026). Research and development expenditure. Interva. https://interva.co/dataset/worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure (accessed 2026-11-08). catalog snapshot 2026-11-07.
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