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World Bank · Science

Türkiye: Research and development expenditure

1.42percent · 2023+75.1% since 2013

Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development. Annual figures for Türkiye from 1996 to 2023.

19962023

Every year

YearValue (percent)Note
20231.422
20221.323
20211.402
20201.367
20191.32
20181.271
20171.176
20161.12
20150.967
20140.856
20130.812
20120.826
20110.794
20100.794
20090.804
20080.687
20070.686
20060.553
20050.564
20040.497
20030.465
20020.509
20010.522
20000.466
19990.456
19980.362
19970.492
19960.452

Source

Published by World Bank, produced by UNESCO. Licence: CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 2026-11-07.

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Cite or download

World Bank (2026). Research and development expenditure. Interva. https://interva.co/dataset/worldbank-research-and-development-expenditure (accessed 2026-11-08). catalog snapshot 2026-11-07.

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Türkiye: Research and development expenditure (1996–2023) · Interva