Research and development expenditure
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
- Publisher
- World Bank
- Unit
- —
- Cadence
- Annual
- Series
- 156
- Licence
- CC BY 4.0
- Updated
- 2026-09-06
Provenance
Who produced these figures, as World Bank declares it — not inferred, and each line says which published field it was read from.
Produced by
UNESCO
Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources/bulk, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), date accessed: 2025-03-26, date published: 2025-02
declared by worldbank in sourceOrganization
Read from
World Bank
World Development Indicators
declared by worldbank in source
Latest observations
| Country | Period | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Algeria | 2024 | 0.44 | percent |
| Armenia | 2024 | 0.29 | percent |
| Azerbaijan | 2024 | 0.21 | percent |
| Bahrain | 2024 | 0.19 | percent |
| Belarus | 2024 | 0.59 | percent |
| Bhutan | 2024 | 0.10 | percent |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2024 | 0.21 | percent |
| Burkina Faso | 2024 | 0.10 | percent |
| Canada | 2024 | 1.79 | percent |
| Cuba | 2024 | 0.44 | percent |
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